Monday's Featured Photo Blog

Monday's Featured Photo Blog: The Talking Tree

By: Nathan Cowlishaw

 Get you’re kicks on Route 66!

Friday's Video: The (Original) Pink Glove Dance

"Two years ago, when Medline produced the original Pink Glove Dance video to raise breast cancer awareness, little did we know that it would take on a life of its own. The video has since generated more 13 million views on YouTube and inspired countless pink glove dance videos and events around the world." (Source: http://pinkglovedance.com/home/)

In honor of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, 

we proudly present the video that started the dance that we now know as - 

The Pink Glove Dance:

For more information on Breast Cancer:

• Doctor Susan Love Research Foundation: http://www.dslrf.org/breastcancer/
• American Cancer Society: http://www.cancer.org/
• Susan G. Komen For The Cure: http://ww5.komen.org/
• National Breast Cancer Foundation: http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/
• National Breast Cancer Awareness Month: http://www.nbcam.org/
• Breast Cancer Awareness.com: http://www.breastcancerawareness.com/
• Centers For Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/features/breastcancerawareness/
• Army of Women: http://www.dslrf.org/army/

The SCAR Project

In honor of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, we proudly present:

The SCAR Project

Breast Cancer Is Not A Pink Ribbon

A series of large-scale portraits of young breast cancer survivors shot by fashion photographer David Jay. Primarily an awareness raising campaign, The SCAR Project puts a raw, unflinching face on early onset breast cancer while paying tribute to the courage and spirit of so many brave young women.

To view the complete project, click here: http://www.thescarproject.org/

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women, except for skin cancers. The chance of developing invasive breast cancer at some time in a woman's life is a little less than 1 in 8 (12%).

The American Cancer Society's most recent estimates for breast cancer in the United States are for 2011:
About 230,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in women.
About 57,650 new cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) will be diagnosed (CIS is non-invasive and is the earliest form of breast cancer).
About 39,520 women will die from breast cancer

At this time there are more than 2.6 million breast cancer survivors in the United States. (This includes women still being treated and those who have completed treatment.) (Source: What are the key statistics about breast cancer?, American Cancer Society)

Insight for Search offers Crystal Ball for Photo Scanning Organizations

Suppose you own a photo related business that offers scanning of photographs, or you are thinking about starting one. The 500 pound gorilla in the room is most always, “How interested are people in having this service provided for them?”, “Who is looking for photo scanning and where are they located?”, and “How do I find those interested?”

Google to the Rescue

Google has built and deployed a powerful tool that analyzes its data and offers a treasure trove of information amassed through its web search engine technology.

According to Google’s Insight for Search Support Page, “Google Insights for Search analyzes a portion of worldwide Google web searches from all Google domains to compute how many searches have been done for the terms you've entered, relative to the total number of searches done on Google over time. You can choose to see data for select Google properties, including Web search, Images, Product search, and News search (certain properties aren't currently available in all countries/territories).”

To put this tool to work, first enter in the search terms and filters desired, then submit the search. The result offers data that may be used for your own internal purposes and for educational and research purposes. You may also use Google Insights for Search as an aide when managing your own Google AdWords accounts and Google AdWords accounts that you manage on behalf of others.

A recent query for the terms photo scanning & picture scanning produced the following results:

Categories of Web Search Interest and Relative Number of Search Done Over Time (normalized on a scale from 0-100):

Enlarge Image

Number of Searches Done for the Specific Terms Over Time (normalized on a scale from 0-100):

Popularity of Specific Search Terms by Region:

Enlarge Image

Related Search Terms:

Google offers a complete Support Site to assist in answering questions and understanding the how the data is derived. In addition, Google Insight for Search allows the data to downloaded as a *csv file, or embed charts into web sites.

Download the file for the data detailed above; Google Insights for Search - Photo Scanning.csv

About Google Insight for Search Video

 

The 11Eleven Project - a human snap shot of life in the 21st Century

For one special day that only comes around once every century a special project will launch.

For the 24 hours of November 11, 2011 (11/11/11), anyone with access to a film/video/digital camera, microphone, mobile phone, or email is invited by 11Eleven Project creators to participate in what is being touted as "the biggest creative project of our human history."

11.11.11

2011-11-11

Nov 11-11 

November 11, 2011

The footage, audio, text, visual and photographic material will be collated and used as ingredients for a variety of initiatives. The 11Eleven Project will result in creation of a documentary film, world-music album, photographic book, iPhone application, and interactive online video resource. 

According to its website, the objective of the project is to plant a seed of compassion, allowing all people to gain perspective of our world as a whole.

It’s a time capsule, a human snap shot of life in the 21st Century – a unique global perspective told by the people, for the people. 

So, mark your calendars, then on 11/11/11 join us at Digital Directions and add your story to this single global narrative designed to offer a unique perspective into a day of the life of humankind!

Countdown to 11Eleven

Monday's Featured Photo Blog

For those of us who are familiar with the latest in tech-y ideas, augmented reality is a live, direct view of the world where the physical environment is modified by some kind of technology. This could be anything from a Google map on your iPhone that displays the closest gas stations or 3-D graphics in a video game. In a low-tech way, History Happens Here! invites you to create your own augmented reality by introducing a historic photo into your current world. The effect can be astounding.
 

Friday's Video: Preservation Lab at the National Archives, St. Louis

Go behind-the-scenes to see NPRC's new state-of-the-art preservation lab. In 1973 a fire in NPRC's former building destroyed 18 million military personnel files. Six million more were recovered with varying degrees of fire and water damage. As individual files are requested, preservation technicians painstakingly treat the documents for damage and mold.

My Picture’s Got a History-gram?

Color historgram

Color historgram with noted difference in brightness & pixel saturation

Black & White historgram

If asked to describe a picture, most people will immediately start detailing the content of the subject matter. 

You might expect to hear things like:
“That’s my pet cat,”

“It’s the boat we took on our cruise to the Bahamas,” 
“She is your great-aunt on my mother’s side,”

“This is when you were getting your first haircut,” and on, and on, and on.

Then there are some that offer an explanation based upon a photo’s composition. 

From these folks you will get feedback such as:

“It’s a 4x6,”

“They printed it using a satin finish photo paper,”

“It’s in black and white (or color, sepia, etc.),”

and once again, they can go on and on offering all sorts of insight to ‘describe’ the photograph they have been presented.

You get the picture!

Pictures Described in Terms of a Histogram?

Now, don’t confuse histogram with the history recorded within the photograph itself! 

A histogram is actually a graph that plots exposure of the darkness to brightness within the photo against the number of pixels saturated with those corresponding brightness values. There are histograms for gray scale photos that measure from black to white, while color histograms include red, blue and green channels.

Source: http://www.shortcourses.com

So What!
“So what does all this have to do with my pictures?”, you may be asking yourself.

The fact is histograms go relatively unused as a tool to offer objective insight into a digital image’s spectral composition, as compared to ‘eyeballing-it’.

However, if one takes the time to understand the information contained in the histogram graph it is possible for your digital photographs, or those that have been scanned into digital images from printed photos, to achieve a more appropriately exposed image. By watching the endpoints of the histogram and pixel saturation, the settings for photographs using a digital camera may be adjusted while scanned images can take advantage of color/contrast tuning adjustments from image software.

One key of being able to apply the ability to achieve a better end result for scanned images starts with the use of proper color management by the scanning technician. Making sure scanners are operating within scanning aiming values and scanning monitors are properly adjusted are fundamentals in being able to deliver a quality scanned reproduction. Then, capturing finer photographic detail by using high optical resolution scanning techniques will contribute to more original picture information being available.

Histogram Comes to the Rescue of History
Wayne Fulton, in his website Scantips.com put together a great example of how histograms can be put into practical use to identify areas in need of restoration within a 1917 photograph. The example offers insight into how to use the histogram to isolate the intensity and colors needed to be applied in order to repair the damage visible in the original that had been caused by age.

There’s More...
To read more about histograms check out these links:
http://www.sphoto.com/techinfo/histograms/histograms4.htm
http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/histograms.htm
http://www.shortcourses.com/guide/guide2-25.html
http://www.photoxels.com/tutorial_histogram.html

Daily Deals and the Death Of Valued Customers

Source: Dreamstime Stock Photography

Digital Directions recently picked upon on the buzz surrounding social buying websites. 

Today's guest blogger, Ryan Coleman, offers some insight on his perspective about this 'deal-of-the-day' phenomenon as owner of a photo scanning service business.

Greetings from Mr. PhotoScanner!  


Over the course of the past year, I have struggled to compute the exact cost of doing business with any of the “daily deal” sites... specifically GroupOn, LivingSocial and DoubleTakeDeals.  

The “Daily Deal” sites promise customers deep discounts up front for products or services and in turn promise the business owner groves of return customers who are  open and willing to pay regular retail rates. This is a pipe dream at best based on my calculations and with new “deals” sites entering the market every week the deep discounted rates are slowly going from “AN ONE TIME AMAZING SALE” to “EXPECTED PRICING” in the eyes of customers. This new consumer mindset for business does two key things: 

1.) Dilutes the real value of any product or service over time. 

2.) Produces customer expectations that are not sustainable to any business owner. 

Both of these create really unhappy customers once they realize that they have to pay 60%-80% more for the same service you provide them two months before and they wait for new deals from competitors to hit the open market. The emphasis goes from us small business owners offering amazing products and services and incredible customer service to being strictly about price in the eyes of our dear customers. I don’t know about any of you but I don’t want to be in a business or industry where the only driver of a customer is pricing... but I’ll digress. 

In a recent New York Times article, the “Daily Deals” sites were viewed as payday loans for the business owners. Basically meaning, the business owners don’t make any profit on the first visit of the customer but will reap the huge rewards when those same customers come back paying premium dollar for the product or service the second, third and forth time. Frankly, that is a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow... keep searching.  With the surge of “Daily Deal” sites, the customers are being desensitized to the real cost associated with their purchase and value created by the services we offer. With multiple daily deal sites constantly popping out offers every product or service is now a commodity in the eyes of the customers regardless how specialized, unique or amazing the service really is. 

In my photo scanning business (www.mrphotoscanner.com) I am doing everything in my power to deliver the best customer service, product and service as I possibly can. In the bottom of a recent newsletter I put the following paragraph: 

Finally, a few of you have reached out to me about the most recent Groupon and Living Social deals that have been sent out by the national photo scanning companies. These are great companies and they can offer amazing prices but I am sticking by our commitment to service and always offering pick up and delivery so you don't have to mail your memories across the country. Also, I will always allow you to customize your filing system and scan images how you want them to be done!  

My commitment is to provide the best service possible and as a result be compensated for the work being performed. I know a lot of my competitors are using the same processes and equipment that I use. Our differentiator is in how we deliver the final product and amazing customer service we offer. If that means driving to a home or office to pick up a batch of photos or slides then that is what we have to do. I would rather provide that extra level of added value than have Mr. GroupOn take 50% of the 50% promotion featured on their sites. 

I am excited to be in the Photo Scanning business and my customers are the core to my success. The mutual respect between a business owner and their customers is one of the magical potions that makes the world go around. 

I’d love to hear your take on how you interrupt the role of “daily deal” sites in the economy. 

Thank you, 

Ryan Coleman 

Mr. PhotoScanner

http://mrphotoscanner.com 

The Balancing Act of Color Management

So, you have pictures. 

Not the kind of pictures snapped with a digital camera or mobile device, but ones taken using photographic film and then printed onto photo paper. The only thing is, they are stranded, trapped in albums and storage boxes.

You've decided to have them transformed from their present old world state into the new and exciting digital world where you can keep, share, and connect with friends or family using the dazzling technologies that are popping up almost daily.

Congratulations! 

However, before rushing out and getting them scanned using one of those "deals-of-the-day," some local service, or getting a scanner and making it a DIY project be sure to take a few moments to consider the process of digitizing archival materials.

Scanning Aimpoint Values & Monitor Adjustment Targets

In Photo Scanner Technology Explained, Ken Rockwell points out that a scanner's performance depends on many factors and the interaction among many others. Mr. Rockwell goes on to explain, “The key determinant in a scanner's performance is the designer's ability to balance these many factors to give the best performance at any price level.”

While scanner manufacturer’s design may indeed be the primary undercurrent in the cascading series of factors ultimately combining to be the level of a scanner’s performance, there are some others to keep in mind that equipment operators should be keenly focused upon. These have been outlined in The National Archives and Records Administration’s Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials for Electronic Access.
 

Tiffen (Formally Kodak) Gray Scale Q13

Included is the use of a scanner calibration control patch to establish scanning aimpoint values. The Tiffen (Formally Known As Kodak) Gray Scale Q13 is a quality control device of stepped, neutral values to help the graphic arts camera or scanner operator identify color separation negatives and positives for color reproduction processes. They consist of RGB, CYM, black, white, and grey swatches in addition to a grey scale.

NARA Monitor Adjustment Target

Another important quality tool is the Monitor Adjustment Target which has been designed by NARA to allow computer users to adjust the contrast and brightness of their computer monitor so that graphic images, such as scans of photographs, textual documents, or maps, look their best. 

 

A Complete Guide - Yours for FREE!

So, before getting your pictures scanned make sure whoever is going to do the work has the ultimate goal of matching the colors of the images, which means proper calibration of their scanning tools and the monitors used for displayed. Then enjoy your new digital treasures!

The folks from X-Rite, the global leader in color science and technology have put together a terrific (and free) e-book on Color Management Workflow - Complete Guide to Color Management. It offers an insightful look into Color Management as a way to set up your environment (called a workflow) to allow all these devices to speak the same language so you can get accurate and predictable results.

Watch X-Rite Color Management Workflow Tools in Action

Monday's Featured Photo Blog

Detroit circa 1917. "Ice fountain, Washington Boulevard." The big icicle with a small request, discreetly stated on that unobtrusive little sign near the man: PLEASE. The rest of the message is up to your imagination.

Monday's Featured Photo Blog: Shorpy

Please - Freeze: 1917

Friday's Video: Cool Things at the National Archives

Supervisory Archivist Pat Anderson shows items from the Polar Collection at the National Archives. This little-known collection consists of donated documents and artifacts from polar explorers, both north and south. The collected papers of Robert Peary; paintings from the North Pole by Dayton Brown; penguin carvings by explorer Paul Siple are among the holdings. In the theme of Cool Things, Anderson also shows the patent granted to the developer of the original Eskimo Pie in 1922. Archivist Mark Murphy shows one of his favorite documents: State Department cables containing regulations of the Government of Nepal for expeditions in search of the yeti, also known as the abominable snowman.

Fujifilm's Photo Rescue Project

Source:National Geographic Unforgettable Pictures

Six months ago a huge tsunami slammed into northeastern Japan. It killed thousands and devastated towns and villages all along Japan's coast. Bureaucracy, the massive extent of the devastation, and lack of financing have been cited as hindering factors in Japan’s recovery.

Taking Matters into Their Own Hands

Yet, on what is proving to be a very long and difficult road to recovery some citizens are taking matters into their own hands. Private companies are helping shoulder the load, too. One of these, Fujifilm North America Companies, was recognized by AmeriCares for the collective humanitarian effort of its employees through their outpouring of support through donations of cash totalling nearly one-quarter of a million dollars.

“AmeriCares is grateful to Fujifilm for its compassion and generosity in helping the people of Japan recover from this devastating tragedy,” said AmeriCares Vice President of Institutional Relations Diana Maguire. “Thanks to great supporters like Fujifilm, AmeriCares has the resources to assist the long-term recovery efforts and help restore health and hope for countless survivors. (Source:AmeriCares News Release)

Doomed to be Silenced Forever

Meanwhile, another less publicized effort was underway back in Japan with other Fujifilm employees. Working diligently, a group from Fujifilm set about to help develop a process to preserve the countless numbers of silver halide photos that now lay in rubble piles of debris. These treasures once filled albums, hung on walls in frames, and sat quietly piled in shoeboxes. However, having been immersed in salt water and coated with mud, these "memories in print" seemed doomed to be silenced forever from revealing their stories to other generations, about another less traumatic time.

Obstacles Overcome
The challenge was monumental, as is everything associated with this tragedy. The objective was to develop field processing centers. These centers, once deployed, would have to handle large volumes of recovered silver halide photos in need of cleaning from damage due to immersion in salt water, mud, and sand. Staff would primarily be with volunteers in areas where anything but the bare necessities of life were merely a pipe dream.

Despite the obstacles, a dedicated Fujifilm team was successful. Their efforts are now well documented (Silver Halide Photos: Cleaning water-damaged photos in albums | YouTube Video: Cleaning Photo Prints Damaged by Muddy Water-8mins).  

As a result, an untold multitude for generations to come will be able to connect, share, and know of a past before the sea swept in and changed lives forever.

An Ounce of Prevention=A Pound of Cure

Do you have paper photos? Consider getting them all scanned into digital images and then be sure to keep a back-up somewhere, where if a local disaster strikes, they will be safe.

Social Imaging, A Conversation That Is Changing Our Lives!

Online photo sharing is a big thing! How big? According to Pixable, more than six billion photos are uploaded to Facebook every month. 

In the June 2011 6Sight Report online photo sharing was identified as replacing the old method of mailing separate envelopes of prints to friends and family. Instead of passing around 36 small prints from a roll of Kodachrome, hundreds of digital images can be easily uploaded to an album online and shared with others both near and far.

However, despite the efforts of the services behind these albums, conversation about those pictures still has not amounted to much. 6Sight's conclusion is online sharing replaces the old snailmail paradigm, but did not really advance communication.

Photos Making Social Networking Happen

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg called Facebook Photos a key catalyst that led to everything the social network is today, reports the TechCrunch news site. Social imaging is about the conversation. And while 6Sight is quick to point out that may amount to little more than a chorus of “Great shot!,” the network effect is dramatic — and builds on itself. People now get much more feedback on their pictures than ever before.

More Than A Compliment

However, social imaging is more than just a few compliments over a picture. According to 6Sight, it also means the accelerating exchange of images between huge social groups. It means creating new social groups around new photos. And it means the use of photos for more than just remembering the past, but for widening our experience of the present. It’s about interactivity as well as image appreciation.

6Sight is made up of three components all focused on enhancing the future of imaging through bringing the interested parties together at conferences, informing the imaging ecosystem about the advances in imaging technology and business models, and establishing online networking communities for leaders to meet and share opportunities. Their conference events are supported by its 6Sight Report communication services that keeps the imaging leaders informed about technical developments and innovative business strategies.

Learn More About Social Imaging

Want more of an insightful look at social imaging? Learn how social imaging is changing the way we live, from representatives of imaging company giants such as, Adobe, Facebook, Color, Twitter, CoolIris, and Pixable by downloading the free June 2011 issue of 6Sight Magazine: Social Imaging Surveyed-How the Next Big Thing in Photography is more than just “Online Photo Sharing v2”.

October: American Archives Month

SAA-Find It in the Archives

October is American Archives Month—an opportunity to raise awareness about the value of archives and archivists.

Founded in 1936, the Society of American Archivists is North America's oldest and largest national archival professional association. SAA's mission is to serve the educational and informational needs of more than 5,500 individual and institutional members and to provide leadership to ensure the identification, preservation, and use of records of historical value.

Products of Our Everyday Lives

Archives are the non-current records of individuals, groups, institutions, and governments that contain information of enduring value. Formats represented in the modern archival repository include photographs, films, video and sound recordings, computer tapes, and video and optical disks, as well as the more traditional unpublished letters, diaries, and other manuscripts. Archival records are the products of everyday activity.

The primary task of the archivist is to establish and maintain control, both physical and intellectual, over records of enduring value. Archivists select records, a process that requires an understanding of the historical context in which the records were created, the uses for which they were intended, and their relationships to other sources. The archivist then arranges and describes the records in accordance with accepted standards and practices, ensures the long-term preservation of collections, assists researchers, and plans and directs exhibitions, publications, and other outreach programs to broaden the use of collections and to enlist support for archival programs.

Check the Archives - You Don't Know What You May Find!

For 2010-2013, SAA is focusing its public awareness efforts on the campaign—I Found It In The Archives!— which reaches out to archives users nationwide to share their stories about what they found in the archives that has made a difference in their lives. Follow “#ArchivesMonth” on Twitter to take a look at some of the 2011 activities submitted to the SAA office.

Monday's Featured Photo Blog

Monday's Featured Photo Blog: The Big Picture

Indian tourists enjoy a traditional Shikara boat ride on Dal Lake in Srinagar, India

July 7, 20011

(Mukhtar Khan/AP)

A New Definition of Photo Scanning for a New Generation

If Pepsi has anything to say about it, the meaning of photo scanning is about to morph for a new generation!

The giant soft drink bottler, whose motto, "Pepsi. The Choice of a New Generation" reigned supreme from 1984 until 1991, has just announced the launch of its latest promotion for the new reality television show it's sponsoring, The X Factor. The campaign is using photo scanning to advance “The X Factor.” Three-hundred million cases of product will feature the new branding alongside an interactive call to action that encourages mobile photo-sharing.

However, instead of high-resolution image scanning equipment, computer, desktop publishing software, and experience in graphic design all you need is a cell phone with a camera. The X Factor packaging invites Pepsi drinkers to snap a photo of The X Factor and Pepsi logos together and send them to TheXFactor@Pepsi.com. Those who do so will be entered into a contest to win a trip to Los Angeles to see a live broadcast. Mobile photo contributors will also instantly get back links to Pepsi-exclusive videos of The X Factor contestants and behind-the-scenes content.

"Hey Toto, we aren't in Kansas anymore!"

Since the emergence of scanning paper into digital images, using technology incorporated into facsimile equipment that arrived onto the scene in the late 1980’s, photo scanning has come to be defined as a type of optical scanner designed especially for scanning photographs. But with the meteoric rise of digital photography and its integration to mobile communication devices, photo scanning is now taking on a new meaning.

These new technologies allow an on-board camera to take a photograph then utilize software ‘apps’ to scan the image. One of the fastest growing trends in this arena is the use QR (quick response) codes.

The New Photo Scan Means Snap & Send

So, next time you hear or see the phrase "photo scanning" be sure to remember there is a whole new generation out there that may have very well already thrown out the old-fashion notion of dedicated hardware tethered to a computer and is reaching for their cell phones, ready to snap and send!

 

Pepsi's 'New Generation' advertisement starring Micheal Jackson debuted in 1984

Quick Reference: Measuring Up for Photo Scanning

Image Source: http://www.prepressure.com

Organizations and service providers offering photo scanning encounter a variety of sizes of photographic prints. There are 16 standard photo print sizes along with an almost endless combination of others available through custom printing services. 

The size capacity of most equipment utilized to scan these print photos and convert them into digital images is traditionally measured in accordance to ISO paper sizes.

Standard Sizes from a Standards Organization

The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards.

It is a non-governmental organization whose network of of 162 countries, one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, coordinates the system that forms a bridge between the public and private sectors in developing these types of standards.

Start With 1 Square Meter Then Fold!

The A-series consists of a logical set of paper sizes that are defined by the ISO 216 standard, with the largest size (A0) measuring one square meter. The height/width ratio remains constant (1:1.41) for all sizes. This means you get the A1 size by folding an A0 paper in two along its shortest side. Then fold the A1 size in two to get an A2 size paper, and so on.

A-sizes are used to define the finished paper size in commercial printing and thus, the equipment associated in handling/processing it.

The table below details the dimensions of what can be scanned using photo scanning equipment sized A0 to A7, in both metric and inch measurements. Scanning equipment is most commonly commercially available for sizes A0 through A6.

	Millimeter		Inches
ISO Designation	Height	Width	Height	Width
A0	1189	841	46.81	33.11
A1	841	594	33.11	23.29
A2	594	420	23.29	16.54
A3	420	297	16.54	11.69
A4	297	210	11.69	8.27
A5	210	148	8.27	5.83
A6	148	105	5.83	4.13
A7	105	74	4.13	2.91

source: http://www.prepressure.com/library/paper-sizes

Quick Reference Guide: Minimum Scanner Size

Here is a quick reference guide of the 16 most common photo print sizes and the minimum scanner size required to achieve a full image scan, in a single pass, based upon the ISO standard sizes:

Download this guide

Photo Print Size (in.)	Photo Print Size (mm)	Minimum Scanner Size (ISO Standard)
3¼" × 4½	82.5 × 120 mm	A6
3½" × 5"	89 × 127 mm (Called "9 × 13 cm" worldwide.)	A6
4" × 6"	102 × 152 mm (Called "10 × 15 cm" worldwide.)	A5
4½" × 6"	114 x 152 mm	A5
5" × 7"	127 × 178 mm (Called "13 × 18 cm" worldwide.)	A5
6" × 8"	152 × 203 mm	A4
8" × 10"	203 × 254 mm (Called "20 × 25 cm" worldwide.)	A4
8" × 12"	203 × 305 mm (Called "20 × 30 cm" worldwide.)	A3
10" × 12"	254 × 305 mm	A3
10" × 15"	254 × 381 mm	A3
11" × 14"	279 × 356 mm (Called "28 × 36 cm" worldwide.)	A3
11" × 17"	279 × 432 mm	A2
12" × 15"	305 × 381 mm	A2
12" × 18"	305 × 457 mm	A2
16” x 20″	407 x 508 mm	A2
20” x 30″	508 x 762 mm	A1